Identity remains the primary attack surface. Phishing-resistant authentication, least-privilege access and continuous session evaluation now form the baseline for any credible security programme.

Supply chain risk has widened. Software bills of materials, dependency scanning and vendor assurance reviews are moving from nice-to-have into contractual requirements across regulated industries.

AI cuts both ways: attackers use it to scale social engineering, while defenders use it to correlate signals and shorten detection times. The differentiator is the quality of telemetry feeding those models.

Resilience planning closes the loop. Tested recovery runbooks and regular tabletop exercises determine whether an incident becomes an outage or a headline.